How to install Landscape Server on Google Cloud

This guide provides an example of how to install and set up your Landscape server on Google Cloud with cloud-init. The instructions here can be used for both standard or FIPS-compliant deployments.

For the most up-to-date documentation on Google Cloud, see Google Cloud’s documentation.

Contents:

Install and set up Google Cloud CLI
Deploy Landscape Server VMs with cloud-init
Configure Landscape
Clean up provisioning metadata containing secrets
(Optional) Perform a complete teardown

Install and set up Google Cloud CLI

Install `gcloud`

To install gcloud, run:

sudo snap install google-cloud-cli --classic

Connect `gcloud` with your Google Cloud account

To initialize the Google Cloud CLI, run:
```
gcloud init
```
Enter Y when prompted with Would you like to log in (Y/n)?
Visit the authentication link provided
- The authentication link should start with https://accounts.google.com/
Sign in with a Google account
Click Allow to grant access to the Google Cloud SDK
Click Copy to copy the verification code
Paste the verification code into the terminal window where the gcloud init process is running

If you complete the gcloud init process successfully, you will receive the following output:

You are now logged in as [[email protected]].
Your current project is [None].  You can change this setting by running:
  $ gcloud config set project PROJECT_ID

Provision resources and deploy

List the projects that are in your account:

gcloud projects list

You’ll receive output similar to:

PROJECT_ID        NAME              PROJECT_NUMBER
project-id        project-name      12345678910

Set your project ID to the PROJECT_ID environment variable. Replace project-id with your personal project ID from the previous output:
```
PROJECT_ID=project-id
```
This step isn’t required, but it’s recommended because the PROJECT_ID variable is used often.
Connect gcloud to this PROJECT_ID:
```
gcloud config set project $PROJECT_ID
```
This is where the Landscape virtual machine (VM) will be launched.

List the available cloud zones and cloud regions where VMs can be run:

gcloud compute zones list

You’ll receive output similar to:

NAME                       REGION                   STATUS  NEXT_MAINTENANCE  TURNDOWN_DATE
us-east1-b                 us-east1                 UP

Set the ZONE and REGION environment variables. Replace us-east1-b and us-east1 with your desired zone and region from the previous output:
```
ZONE=us-east1-b
REGION=us-east1
```
Reserve a static IP address and label it landscape-external-ip:
```
gcloud compute addresses create landscape-external-ip --region=$REGION
```
This step isn’t required, but it’s recommended because Landscape benefits from a static IP address assignment. A DNS record called an “A record” is responsible for pointing the fully qualified domain name (FQDN) to the Landscape Server’s IP address. If you use a static IP address, the A record doesn’t have to be updated every time the dynamic IP changes.
List the addresses you’ve created:
```
gcloud compute addresses list
```
Copy the IP address and set it as the A record value for the domain or subdomain that will serve as the FQDN. You set the A record in your DNS service.
Verify the A record using nslookup. Replace {landscape-fips.domain.com} with your FQDN:
```
nslookup {landscape-fips.domain.com}
```
You’ll receive output similar to:
```
Server:		127.0.0.53
Address:	127.0.0.53#53

Non-authoritative answer:
Name:	landscape-fips.domain.com
Address: 34.139.255.120
```
If the address value in the nslookup output matches the value of the landscape-external-ip static IP address, the LetsEncrypt SSL provisioning step defined in the cloud-init configuration automation template will succeed.

Deploy Landscape Server VMs with cloud-init

Before beginning the deployment process with cloud-init, you must choose which of the two cloud-init configuration automation templates you want to use. In the Landscape Scripts Github repository, there are two Landscape Quickstart cloud-init configuration templates: cloud-init-quickstart.yaml and cloud-init-quickstart-fips.yaml.

The cloud-init-quickstart.yaml template is designed for anyone, and the cloud-init-quickstart-fips.yaml is designed for FIPS compliant deployments of Landscape Server. For more information, see how to install FIPS hardened Landscape Server.

Once you’ve chosen your configuration template, complete the following steps.

Set the IMAGE_FAMILY environment variable based on the cloud-init configuration you chose.

If you’re using cloud-init-quickstart.yaml, run:

curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/canonical/landscape-scripts/main/provisioning/cloud-init-quickstart.yaml -o cloud-init.yaml
IMAGE_FAMILY=ubuntu-pro-2204-lts

If you’re using cloud-init-quickstart-fips.yaml, run:

curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/canonical/landscape-scripts/main/provisioning/cloud-init-quickstart-fips.yaml -o cloud-init.yaml
IMAGE_FAMILY=ubuntu-pro-fips-2004-lts

Open the downloaded cloud-init YAML file in an editor, determine which configuration parameters need to be changed between lines 4 and 32 and change these parameters.

The HOSTNAME on line 16 and DOMAIN on line 19 must be changed. Updating EMAIL on line 9, and adding your SendGrid API key on line 29 as the SMTP_PASSWORD are optional, but strongly recommended.
Run the following code to launch a machine with generally suitable resource specifications:
```
gcloud compute instances create landscape \
    --zone $ZONE \
    --machine-type=c3-standard-4 \
    --address landscape-external-ip \
    --tags http-server,https-server \
    --boot-disk-size 200 \
    --image-family $IMAGE_FAMILY \
    --image-project ubuntu-os-pro-cloud \
    --metadata-from-file user-data=cloud-init.yaml
```
You can also downgrade machine-type from c3-standard-4 to e2-medium, and boot-disk-size from 200 to 20 for cost savings. However, the e2-medium machine is a shared compute resource and using it may result in temporary and sporadic instability of the Landscape dashboard. This size machine should only be used for proof-of-concepts and limited testing.
List all VMs in this project:
```
gcloud compute instances list
```

Observe the process by tailing the cloud-init-output.log file:

gcloud compute ssh landscape --zone $ZONE --command "tail -f /var/log/cloud-init-output.log"

If you are a first time gcloud user, you’ll be prompted for a passphrase twice. This can be left blank. Press Enter twice to proceed:

WARNING: The private SSH key file for gcloud does not exist.
WARNING: The public SSH key file for gcloud does not exist.
WARNING: You do not have an SSH key for gcloud.
WARNING: SSH keygen will be executed to generate a key.
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:

A reboot may be required during the cloud-init process. If a reboot is required, you’ll receive the following output:
```
2023-08-20 17:30:04,721 - cc_package_update_upgrade_install.py[WARNING]: Rebooting after upgrade or install per /var/run/reboot-required
```
If the IMAGE_FAMILY specified earlier contained all the security patches, this reboot step may not occur.

Repeat the following code if a reboot was necessary to continue observing the log file:

gcloud compute ssh landscape --zone $ZONE --command "tail -f /var/log/cloud-init-output.log"

Wait until the cloud-init process is complete. When it’s complete, you’ll receive two lines similar to this:

cloud-init v. 23.2.2-0ubuntu0~20.04.1 running 'modules:final' at Sun, 20 Aug 2023 17:30:43 +0000. Up 25.14 seconds.
cloud-init v. 23.2.2-0ubuntu0~20.04.1 finished at Sun, 20 Aug 2023 17:30:56 +0000. Datasource DataSourceGCELocal.  Up 37.35 seconds

Press CTRL + C to terminate the tail process in your terminal window.

Configure Landscape

Navigate to the Landscape dashboard by entering the FQDN of the Landscape VM into a browser window
Provide a name, email address, and password for the first global administrator on the machine.

If the email address Landscape sends emails from should not be a subdomain based on the machine’s hostname, remove the hostname, or make the appropriate correction.

Alerts and administrator invitations sent via email are less likely to fail SPF or DMARC checks if the system email address is configured in a way the email service provider expects. If the email service provider sends emails which fail SPF and DMARC checks, mail delivery can be delayed or miscategorized as spam.

Clean up provisioning metadata containing secrets

To delete the cloud-init user-data key, run:

gcloud compute instances remove-metadata landscape --zone $ZONE --keys=user-data

Cloud-init scripts are provided in a custom metadata key named user-data. The user-data key is consumed during instance creation and is executed when the instance starts. Sensitive information such as API keys shouldn’t be left visible within the custom metadata of the VM or in the cloud dashboard. Once the cloud-init process is complete, it’s safe to delete the cloud-init user-data key.

(Optional) Perform a complete teardown

You may want to perform a teardown to clean up unused or unnecessary resources. This can help control costs and optimize resources. To perform a complete teardown:

Delete the VMs:

gcloud compute instances delete landscape --zone $ZONE

Release the static IP:

gcloud compute addresses delete landscape-external-ip --region $REGION

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